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Approved and effective vaccine against COVID-19 may not be available until 2021 summer: IHS Markit

19 June 2020 | Opinion | By Gustav Ando

Five vaccine candidates are currently being developed in China

Ten COVID-19 vaccine candidates are currently in clinical trials (as of 4 June). These are listed in the below, in approximate descending order of advancement, taking into account scale of development and expected reporting dates. So far, one has entered Phase II/III development, two are in Phase II, and several more are in Phase I/II and Phase I.

In addition, some selected high-profile preclinical-stage projects have also been listed. The success of any of these will depend on safety, level of immunogenicity, and duration of protection.

Five vaccine candidates are currently being developed in China, including those from CanSino and Sinovac. China itself has a chequered history in biopharmacuetical clinical development, but this is a unique and watershed opportunity to prove itself on the world stage.

While data on its candidates remain relatively scant at this stage, China may indeed succeed in becoming first-to-market in this space, or at least provide a critical option on the global stage for vaccines against COVID-19 in 2021.

 “Although there is still considerable uncertainty about the duration of protective immunity developed in the population after COVID-19 infection, and even the feasibility of generating an effective vaccine with any long-term effect, a large number of researchers and companies have initiated a diverse selection of vaccine projects, using a broad mix of established and innovative technologies. Development for COVID-19 has been accelerated considerably by acquired knowledge developed during the generation of candidate vaccines for related SARS and MERS coronaviruses, as well as recent research into Ebola vaccines.” – Gustav Ando, head of life sciences and industry services, IHS Markit

 

High-profile COVID-19 vaccine candidates in development

 

Vaccine name

Vaccine type

AZD1222 (ChAdOx1-S)

Non-replicating adenoviral vector displaying spike protein

Ad5-nCoV

Non-replicating adenoviral vector displaying spike protein

mRNA-1273

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated mRNA vaccine encoding pre-fusion stabilised form of viral spike (S) protein

BNT162

Three candidates based on LNP-delivered modified mRNA vaccines, encoding viral spike protein sequence or smaller binding domain

COVID-19 vaccine, Sinovac

Inactivated virus vaccine, alum adjuvant

NVX-CoV2373

Full-length recombinant spike glycoprotein nanoparticle vaccine, Matrix-M adjuvant

COVID-19 vaccine, Sinopharm – Wuhan

Inactivated virus vaccine

COVID-19 vaccine, Sinopharm – Beijing

Inactivated virus vaccine

INO-4800

DNA plasmid vaccine encoding spike protein, delivered via Cellectra 3PSP electroporation device

COVID-19 vaccine, CAMS

Inactivated virus vaccine

COVID-19 vaccine, Janssen

Non-replicating AdVac adenoviral vector displaying spike protein

COVID-19 vaccine, GSK/Sanofi

Recombinant subunit vaccine (baculovirus expression system), adjuvanted

AAVCOVID

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector delivering spike protein gene

COVID-19 vaccine, Merck/IAVI

Replication-competent chimaeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vector expressing spike protein antigen

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