Singapore: National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the US has made available a free source of evidence-based information for healthcare professionals and for researchers studying liver injury associated with prescription and over-the-counter drugs, herbals, and dietary supplements. Researchers and healthcare professionals can use the LiverTox database to identify basic and clinical research questions to be answered and to chart optimal ways to diagnose and control drug-induced liver injury.

Drug-induced liver injury is the leading cause of acute liver failure in the US, accounting for at least half of cases. It occurs at all ages, in men and women, and in all races and ethnic groups. Drug-induced liver disease is more likely to occur among older adults because they tend to take more medications than younger people. Some drugs directly damage the liver, while others cause damage indirectly or by an allergic reaction. The most important element to managing drug-induced liver injury is to identify the drug that's causing the problem and appropriate steps to eliminate or reduce damage to the liver.

"Because drug-induced liver disease is not a single, common disease, it is very difficult to diagnose, with each drug causing a somewhat different pattern of liver damage," said Dr Jay H Hoofnagle, creator of LiverTox and director of the Liver Disease Research Branch at NIH's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). "Doctors have to rule out all other causes of liver disease before saying that a patient has drug-induced injury liver."

LiverTox has a searchable database of about 700 medications available in the US by prescription or over the counter. Over the next few years, another 300 drugs will be added. An interactive section allows users to report cases of drug-induced liver injury to the LiverTox website and the reports are automatically forwarded to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch program. MedWatch allows the public and health care professionals to report adverse events, product defects, or product use errors. The FDA uses the information to monitor product safety.

"LiverTox is the result of a significant scientific collaboration between the national and international clinical and research communities, the NIDDK and the National Library of Medicine," said Dr Steven Phillips, co-sponsor of LiverTox and director of NLM's Division of Specialized Information Services.