Making advances in the development of vaccine delivery platforms, AstraZeneca launched intranasal vaccine FluMist, prescribed for age group of two to 50 years, for seasonal influenza in 2003. Later, introducing the breakthrough drug delivery technology in India, Serum Institute of India (SII) developed India's first intranasal vaccine Nasovac against H1N1 virus in 2010, at a much cheaper price than other available H1N1 vaccines.

Australia's Walter and Eliza Hall Institute and Royal Melbourne Hospital are conducting human trial of nasal spray vaccine for type 1 diabetes. Researchers have demonstrated that when administered through the nasal passages, the insulin vaccine stimulates the immune system present in the mucosal linings and works to desensitize the whole immune system. The nasal vaccine approach, if shown to be successful in human type 1 diabetes, could also be tested with different vaccines for the prevention of other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, say researchers at Walter and Eliza Hall Institute.