Dr Gerardo Guillen, biomedical research director, Centro de Ingenieria Genetica y Biotecnologia (CIGB), from Cuba, says genetically engineered vaccines hold potential future in the current vaccine technology spectrum. "Haemophilus vaccine is the only synthetic vaccine in the world developed naturally. The CIGB has been developing vaccines using genetic engineering and biotechnology techniques and has successfully developed Heberoviac-HB, Trivac-HB, and Heberpenta."

US-based Bavarian Nordic is conducting phase III trial of therapeutic cancer vaccine Prostvac that uses smallpox viral vector to stimulate the immune system. The developers of the vaccine believe that it has the potential to significantly extend the lives of men with advanced prostate cancer where limited treatment options are available. Merck's Gardasil is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine, a genetically modified, trans-species vaccination for girls for preventing cervical cancer.